Health

Monkeypox: First deaths outside Africa in Brazil and Spain

Brazil and Spain have reported their first monkeypox deaths.

A 41-year-old man in Brazil became the first fatality from the virus outside Africa. Spain announced two deaths soon afterwards – the first in Europe.

Last week, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the monkeypox outbreak a global health emergency.

But infections are usually mild and the risk to the general population is low.

On Friday Brazil’s health ministry said the victim there had suffered from lymphoma and a weakened immune system, and “comorbidities aggravated his condition”.

Brazil has so far reported 1,066 confirmed cases and 513 suspected cases of the virus. Data from Brazil’s health ministry indicates that more than 98% of confirmed cases were in men who have sex with men.

Shortly afterwards, Spain’s health ministry confirmed Europe’s first death from the virus – a patient who suffered from encephalitis.

A second death linked to monkeypox was confirmed by Spanish authorities on Saturday.

The health ministry said that of 3,750 monkeypox patients with available information, 120 or 3.2% had been hospitalised.

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are 21,148 cases worldwide.

The monkeypox virus is a member of the same family of viruses as smallpox, although it is much less severe and experts say chances of infection are low.

It occurs mostly in remote parts of central and west African countries, near tropical rainforests.

Health officials are recommending people at highest risk of exposure to the virus – including some gay and bisexual men, as well as some healthcare workers – should be offered a vaccine.

Last week, WHO director general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said declaring the outbreak a global health emergency would help speed up the development of vaccines and the implementation of measures to limit the spread of the virus.

Dr Tedros said the risk of monkeypox is moderate globally, but high in Europe.

But, he added, “this is an outbreak that can be stopped with the right strategies in the right groups”. The WHO is issuing recommendations, which it hopes will spur countries to take action to stop transmission of the virus and protect those most at risk.

Read from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-62350022

Health

How to get a good night’s sleep?

Getting a good night’s sleep is crucial for your overall health and well-being. Unfortunately, many people struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep throughout the night. If you’re one of these people, don’t worry. There are several simple steps you can take to improve the quality of your sleep and wake up feeling refreshed and energized. In this article, we’ll explore some tips for getting a good night’s sleep.

Stick to a consistent sleep schedule

The first step to getting a good night’s sleep is to establish a consistent sleep schedule. This means going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends. This helps regulate your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night.

Create a relaxing bedtime routine

Create a bedtime routine that relaxes you and prepares your mind and body for sleep. This may include taking a warm bath, reading a book, practicing meditation or deep breathing exercises, or listening to calming music. Whatever you choose, make sure it’s a quiet, relaxing activity that helps you wind down from the day’s stresses.

Limit caffeine and alcohol intake

Caffeine and alcohol can disrupt your sleep, so it’s best to avoid them altogether, especially close to bedtime. Caffeine is a stimulant that can keep you awake and alert, while alcohol can disrupt your natural sleep cycle, leading to fragmented and less restful sleep.

Create a comfortable sleep environment

Your sleep environment plays a significant role in the quality of your sleep. Make sure your bedroom is cool, quiet, and dark. Use curtains or blinds to block out light, invest in comfortable pillows and bedding, and consider using a white noise machine to drown out any outside noise.

Avoid screens before bedtime

The blue light emitted by electronic devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops can suppress melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep. Avoid using electronic devices for at least an hour before bedtime, and consider using blue light filters or special glasses that block blue light if you must use them.

Get regular exercise

Regular exercise can improve the quality of your sleep, but it’s best to avoid vigorous exercise close to bedtime. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day, such as brisk walking, jogging, or cycling.

Manage stress and anxiety

Stress and anxiety can make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night. Consider practicing relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises to help manage stress and anxiety. You may also find it helpful to keep a journal or talk to a therapist to work through any underlying emotional issues.

Avoid eating heavy meals close to bedtime

Eating heavy or spicy meals close to bedtime can disrupt your sleep and cause discomfort. It’s best to eat a light, balanced meal at least two to three hours before bedtime.

In conclusion, getting a good night’s sleep is essential for your overall health and well-being. By establishing a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, creating a comfortable sleep environment, avoiding screens before bedtime, getting regular exercise, managing stress and anxiety, and avoiding heavy meals close to bedtime, you can improve the quality of your sleep and wake up feeling refreshed and energized. If you continue to struggle with sleep despite trying these tips, consider talking to your healthcare provider to rule out any underlying sleep disorders or medical conditions.

Health

What are some tips for staying healthy during the winter?

Winter is a time when many people are at risk of getting sick. The cold weather, lack of sunlight, and the flu season can all contribute to poor health. However, there are several steps that you can take to stay healthy during the winter months. In this article, we will discuss some tips for staying healthy during the winter.

Eat a balanced diet

Eating a healthy diet is always important, but it’s especially important during the winter. Eating a diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help you get the nutrients your body needs to fight off illness. In addition, foods that are high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, can help boost your immune system.

Stay hydrated

During the winter months, it can be easy to forget to drink enough water. However, staying hydrated is important for maintaining good health. Drinking water can help keep your body hydrated and flush out toxins that can make you sick. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day.

Get enough sleep

Getting enough sleep is essential for staying healthy. During the winter months, it’s important to make sure you’re getting enough rest to help your body fight off illness. Aim to get 7-8 hours of sleep each night.

Exercise regularly

Regular exercise can help boost your immune system, improve your mood, and increase your energy levels. During the winter months, it can be tempting to skip your workout due to the cold weather. However, even a short walk or workout can help you stay healthy.

Wash your hands regularly

Washing your hands regularly is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of germs. During the winter months, when cold and flu viruses are more prevalent, it’s especially important to wash your hands frequently.

Stay warm

Staying warm is important for maintaining good health during the winter months. Dress in layers and wear warm clothing when you’re outside. If you’re cold at home, turn up the heat or use a space heater to keep warm.

Get a flu shot

Getting a flu shot is one of the best ways to prevent getting the flu. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over the age of six months, and it’s especially important for those who are at high risk of developing complications from the flu.

Manage stress

Stress can weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to illness. During the winter months, it’s important to take steps to manage your stress levels. Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.

Stay connected

Staying connected with family and friends can help you stay healthy during the winter months. Social isolation can increase the risk of depression and other health problems. Make an effort to stay connected with loved ones, even if it’s just a phone call or video chat.

Take care of your mental health

The winter months can be challenging for many people, particularly those who struggle with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). If you’re feeling down, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. Talk to your doctor or a mental health professional about your symptoms.

In conclusion, staying healthy during the winter months requires a combination of good nutrition, regular exercise, adequate rest, and stress management. By following these tips, you can reduce your risk of getting sick and enjoy the winter season to the fullest.

Health

Do sleeping patterns relate to mental health?

Sleeping patterns play a crucial role in our overall health and well-being, including our mental health. A good night’s sleep is essential for maintaining physical and mental health, as well as for improving our mood, productivity, and cognitive function. However, disrupted sleeping patterns, such as insomnia or sleep apnea, can have negative effects on our mental health, leading to feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress.

Studies have shown that sleep deprivation can negatively impact mental health by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating our mood, emotions, and behavior. For example, a lack of sleep can lower the levels of serotonin, which is responsible for regulating mood, and increase the levels of cortisol, which is associated with stress. This can result in feelings of anxiety, depression, and irritability.

Moreover, disrupted sleeping patterns can interfere with the normal functioning of the brain, leading to decreased cognitive function and poor memory recall. This can have a significant impact on a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks and make decisions, leading to decreased confidence and self-esteem. The resulting stress and anxiety can further exacerbate the problems, creating a vicious cycle that is difficult to break.

In addition to the impact on mental health, disrupted sleeping patterns can also contribute to physical health problems, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased immunity. These physical health problems can further exacerbate the negative effects on mental health, creating a vicious cycle that is difficult to break.

Fortunately, there are steps that can be taken to improve sleeping patterns and protect mental health. Establishing a consistent sleep routine is essential for maintaining good sleep hygiene. This means going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, regardless of the day of the week. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading a book or listening to soothing music, can also help promote a good night’s sleep.

Additionally, creating a sleep-friendly environment can also help improve sleep quality. This includes keeping the bedroom dark, quiet, and cool, as well as limiting exposure to screens, such as televisions and smartphones, before bedtime.

Finally, it is essential to address any underlying mental health problems that may be contributing to disrupted sleeping patterns. For example, depression and anxiety are common causes of insomnia and can often be treated with therapy or medication. Similarly, sleep apnea can be treated with lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and sleeping on your side, or with the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine.

In conclusion, sleeping patterns are a crucial aspect of our mental health and well-being. Disrupted sleeping patterns, such as insomnia or sleep apnea, can have negative effects on our mental health, leading to feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress. However, by establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a sleep-friendly environment, and addressing underlying mental health problems, we can improve our sleep quality and protect our mental health.